richard hakluyt reasons for colonization

Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. He supported English colonization for the better part of his life, at least from 1580 until his death. 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Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC - YUMPU Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. Furthermore, fur, already exploited by the French, was another good reason for England to colonize. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? According to Hakluyt, Spain has transformed into the other enemy that must be defeated in the process of creating the New World. In 1583 Walsingham, then one of the most important secretaries of state, sent Hakluyt to Paris as chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador there. One of the issues discussed is the expansion desire for English citizens. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. IvyPanda. in history, and a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary studies with a focus on early modern Scotland. The process transformed the diets, economies, and cultures of both continents. He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . New World Exploration and English Ambition - PBS What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? [28] Others, consisting chiefly of notes gathered from contemporary authors, are preserved at the University of Oxford. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. How does Hakluyt depict indigenous peoples? [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. What is the importance of religion in Hakluyts case for colonization? A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. [10], While a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School, Hakluyt visited his guardian, whose conversation, illustrated by "certain bookes of cosmographie, an universall mappe, and the Bible," made Hakluyt resolve to "prosecute that knowledge, and kind of literature. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh | Encyclopedia.com Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. . IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. Encyclopdia Britannica. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. (2021, April 8). Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. The Hakluyts believed that colonies were the answer to England's problems. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. Captains of ships would document the places they visited such as the Far East and the Americas. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. The private character of the memorial, which was not to be seen by the general eye, permitted Hakluyt to state freely the case for a colonial policy. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. . About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. Richard Hakluyt was one of the first to write about the exploration of the Americas in English. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. IvyPanda, 8 Apr. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. 1. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. Exploration and trade in Elizabethan England | The British Library He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582). To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. ), David Armitage (ed.) Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. He graduated with a master's degree in 1577, and remained in Oxford as a lecturer. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. Richard Hakluyt's Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia, 1585"> the "excellent and fertile soile" on both sides of north america 's "greate and deep" natural waterways promised "all things that the life of man doth require," and whatever settlers wanted to plant they could expect to harvest in abundance sufficient to "trafficke in." It will also propel the opening of new markets. B. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". [14], Hakluyt was also a leading adventurer of the Charter of the Virginia Company of London as a director thereof in 1589. He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Omissions? His published collections of documents relating to early English explorations are regarded among the "great books" of American history for their stimulation of interest in New World colonization. Richard Hakluyt Biography and Significance - Study.com PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization EN. IvyPanda. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. c. 1552-1616. Vol. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/, IvyPanda. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie.

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